什么的心情填动词（重要语法词it用法总结）

一、概说

it 看起来简单，但用法却并不容易。它不但可以指着别人还可以整句话，不但可以指时间和距离也可以指天气现象和生态环境，不仅可以用作形式主语也可以用作形式宾语，等。现就其核心用法分述如下所示。

二、用作代词

1. 用于指事情

it用作代词最基本用法便是替代前边已讲过的人或事，以防止反复：

This is my watch, it’s a Swiss one. 这也是我的手表，这是瑞士制的。

I cannot find my watch; I must have lost it. 找不着腕表，我一定把它给丢失。

2. 用于指小动物或宝宝

除用于代指事情外，还可以指小动物或胎儿性别不祥的新生儿：

“Where is the cat?” “It’s under the bed.” “ 猫在哪里?”“在床底。”

They got a baby and it was very lovely. 她们生了个小孩，特别可爱。

3. 用于前面提到的状况

He smokes in bed and I don’t like it. 她在床边吸烟，我不喜欢他那样。

Her mother kept telling her not to go out at night, but it didn’t help. 她母亲老喊她夜里不要出去，可是没有用。

4. 用于指着别人

it用于指着别人一般是用明确不明人的身份：

“Who is it?” “It’s me.” “是谁啊?”“就是我。”

“Listen. Someone is crying.” “Oh, it must be Mary.” “听，他们还在哭。”“噢，一定是玛莉。”

Someone must have been here. But we have no idea who it was. 一定有些人到过，但是我们不知道谁。

5. 指着别人时和he和she的差别

当it用于指人的人，关键用于明确不确定的或者不明身份得人，倘若指已知或真实身份很明确的人，则须根据实际情况应用he或she。较为：

I hear a knock at the door. It must be the postman. 听见有人在敲门，一定是快递员来啦。

Jim is at the door. He wants to see you. 托尼在门外，他想念你。

A tall man stood up and shook hands with her. It was the general manager. 一个大个子站立起来同她握了手，这个人是经理。

The general manager just called. He told us to wait for him at the gate. 经理刚到过手机，他的名字叫大家在门外等着。

6. 整句话时和one的差别

二者都可替代上面提到的事情，区别在于：it是指与前边已提及的人或事为同一物，这时的ct等于“the (this, that, my…) 专有名词”；而one 是指与前边已提及的人或事为同一类物，这时的one等于“a 专有名词”。较为：

I have a dictionary but I’ve lent it to Mary. 是我一本词典，但把他出借玛莉了。

I haven’t a dictionary; can you lend me one? 我并没有字典，你可以借我一本吗?

三、用作虚谓语或虚宾语

1. 用于指时长

It’s still early. 时长还早。

It’s already nine o’clock. 已经是9点过。

It’s three years since he left here. 他离开这里已经有3年多。

2. 用于指间距

It’s a long way from here. 从这里去较远。

How far is it from here to the station? 从这里去地铁站多远?

3. 用于指自然环境

It’s noisy in here. 这里边很噪杂。

It was very quiet in the garden. 公园里好安静。

4. 用于指气温等天气现象

It’s very cold today. 今日非常冷。

It is raining. 正在下雨。

It’s 37℃ today. 今天气温是摄氏度37度。

5. 用于含糊地讨论某状况

I cannot help it. 走投无路了。

“How’s it going?” “Well, not so good.” “情况怎么样?”“不是太好。”

6. 用于一些习语

(1) make it 及时赶来；取得成功，办好：

You can make it if you hurry. 假如你赶紧还能够及时赶来。

He wants to make it as a writer. 他想要作一名文学家而一举成名。

You needn’t worry; he will make it. 你不用担心，它会办好的。

(2) catch it 被责怪，受惩罚(www.hxen.com)：

If I come home late I’ll catch it from my mother. 假如我回家了迟了，我妈妈就会骂我。

四、用作形式主语

1. 基本上用法

当动词不定式、动名词、状语从句等用作谓语时，防止上重下轻，通常是在句首应用形式主语it，而将真正意义上的谓语放到语句结尾：

Is it necessary to tell his father everything? 必须把这一切都对他说爸爸吗?

It’s no good sitting up too late. 经常熬夜没有什么好处。

It is quite clear that he has read the book. 显然，他看过这书。

It doesn’t matter what he says. 他说什么没事儿。

2. 几类特殊形式主语

(1) 用作形容词look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow等谓语(后接that从句或as if从句)：

It seems as if it is going to rain. 来看天要下雨。

It seems that he knows everything. 他似乎什么都知道。

It (so) happened that I had no money with me. 恰巧我也没带钱。

From this witness it follows that he must be guilty. 依据该见证人的证言分辨，他一定犯法。

(2) 当系表结构后接有if 或when引出来的状语从句时，通常是在系表结构前应用形式主语表示说话对某状况的观点：

It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 他这么做令我很吃惊。

It would be a tragedy if anything went wrong. 假如出了什么事就是一个不幸。

(3) 用于别的固定不动句式，如if it were not for…(要不是由于)，it’s time that…(该…了)等。

3. 错用形式主语的几种情况

(1) 在这个用it作形式主语的区域而错用别的词：

Is ______ necessary to tell his father everything?

A. it B. that C. what D. he

此题的标准答案应该是A(it用作形式主语)，而无法选D。

(2) 在不应该用形式主语的区域而错用形式主语：

______ must be something wrong with the machine.

A. There B. It C. He D. That

此题应取A，为there be句型与情态动词must并用的情况。

较为下列2组语句：

______ is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun.

______ is known to us all that the earth turns around the sun.

A. It B. Which C. As D. That

前一句填C，as用于正确引导一个非限制性定语状语从句；后一句填A，it为形式主语，真正意义上的主语是此后的that从句。

______ is difficult to persuade her to stay.

______ is difficult is to persuade her to stay.(www.hxen.com)

A. It B. What C. He D. That

前一句填A，it为形式主语；后一句填B，what用于正确引导主语从句。留意后一句比前一句在动词不定式前得多个is。

五、用作形式宾语

1. 基本上用法

当动词不定式、动名词、状语从句等用作宾语且之后跟有宾语补足语时，就应当在宾语补足语前应用形式宾语，而把真正意义上的宾语挪到句末：

We found it difficult to persuade her. 我们不难发现很难说服她。

He makes it a rule to get up before dawn. 他习惯天亮前醒来。

I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night. 我觉得他甚至每晚都去公园散步是很奇怪的。

2. 几类特殊形式宾语

一般价值的形式宾语关键常见于真真正正宾语为动词不定式、动名词、状语从句等且之后跟有宾语补足语时的情况，即用于“形容词 it 宾语补足语 真正意义上的宾语”这种构造，但下列两大类形式宾语却比较特别，之后并没有宾语补足语：

(1) 因为介词后一般无法直接跟that从句作宾语，有少数多层结构就在那介词后先接it作形式宾语，再跟that从句：

You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. 你能坚信它会及时赶来的。

I can’t answer for it that the boy is honest. 我无法保证这个小孩是负责任的。

I’ll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve. 我们将留意让每一个信函在12点之前送至邮政局。

【注】① 在别的前提下处理介词后跟that从句的方法是借用the fact作宾语：

They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 她们给你得病犯愁。

② 某些代词(关键是but和except)也可接that从句作宾语：

I know nothing about him except that he lives next door. 我只知道他住在隔壁，其他的就不知道了。

(2) 有的动词由于通常只用作及物动词，当它们后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语：

She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。

He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。

I hate it if you say such things in public. 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。

I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。

I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。

【注】能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示情绪的动词。而且高考对此也有所考查，请看一道高考真题(答案选A)：

I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full.

A. it B. that C. these D. them

(3) 用于 have it that(说，认为)，take it that(认为)等个别固定表达中：

I take it (that) you agree. 我以为你同意了(www.hxen.com)。

Report has it that about 30 people were killed in the accident. 据报道，在这次事故中大约有30人丧命。

六、用于强调句型

1. 基本句型结构

it用于强调句的基本句型结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that(who)+其他部分。请看用例：

It was in the Japan that he died. 他是死于日本。

It was yesterday that he got married. 他是昨天结婚的。

It was a computer that he bought last week. 他上个星期买的是一台电脑。

2. 使用强调句型应注意的几点

(1) 强调主语时，that后谓语动词的数应与被强调的主语保持一致：

It is I who am right. 是我对。

It was you that were wrong. 是你错了。

(2) 不要想当然地用he, she, that等代替强调句中的it：

_____ was in this room that he was killed.

A. It B. That C. He D. Who

此题答案应选A。该句还原成非强调句为He was killed in this room.

【注】有关强调句型的其他用法说明，参见本讲义“强调句型”。

七、重点考点精练

1. Luckily, _____ happened to be a foreign teacher there.

A. it B. there C. they D. that

2. _____ is said to be no life on the moon.

A. It B. There C. That D. He

3. You should make _____ a rule to leave things where you can find them again.

A. it B. that C. you D. this

4. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

5. I want very much to buy a color TV set, but I can’t afford _____.

A. it B. one C. this D. that

6. I should prefer _____ if you didn’t go there alone.

A. it B. that C. you D. which

7. He is always really rude, ______ is why people tend to avoid him.

A. that B. it C. this D. which

8. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but _____ remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.

A. that B. it C. this D. which

9. Dear me! Just look at the time! I had no idea _____ was so late.

A. it B. as C. that D. what

10. _____ is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.

A. He B. It C. That D. What

11. _____ is hard to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.

A. He B. It C. That D. What

12. ____ doesn’t seem to have been much difficulty in solving the problem.

A. It B. That C. There D. He

13. I can’t remember a Christmas when _____ snowed so much.

A. it B. that C. what D. the weather

14. _____ was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.

A. It B. That C. There D. He

15. Who was _____ that saved the drowning girl?(www.hxen.com)

A. that B. it C. what D. he

【参考答案】1—5 BAABB 6—10 ADBAD 11—15 BCAAB